Massachusetts is a no-fault state with a $2,000 medical tort threshold. Most people don't know they can't sue for pain and suffering until they cross it — or qualify under the listed serious-injury exceptions.
Massachusetts requires you to clear a $2,000 medical-expense threshold before you can sue for pain and suffering after a car accident. The threshold sounds low — until you realize PIP pays the first chunk of your bills, meaning you have to dig out of the no-fault hole before the tort case even exists.
Massachusetts is a no-fault state with two parallel compensation paths. First, your own PIP coverage pays the first portion of your medical bills, lost wages, and replacement services regardless of who caused the crash. Second, you can sue the at-fault driver for pain and suffering and other tort damages — but only if you clear the threshold under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 231 § 6D. The threshold has two paths: either reasonable and necessary medical expenses exceeding $2,000, or the injury falls within one of the listed serious injury categories — death, loss of a body member, permanent and serious disfigurement, loss of sight or hearing, or fracture. Below the threshold and outside the categories, no pain and suffering recovery.
The $2,000 figure sounds small until you understand how insurers contest it. Massachusetts insurers routinely challenge whether specific medical bills count toward the threshold — chiropractic visits, physical therapy beyond a certain point, diagnostic imaging without surgical follow-up, and mental health treatment are all common battlegrounds. The plaintiff has the burden of proving that the expenses were both reasonable and necessary. An attorney who practices Massachusetts no-fault cases knows which providers and which treatment patterns hold up against insurer challenge and which collapse on the first deposition. Building the medical record correctly from the first visit is the difference between clearing the threshold and being told you don't have a case.
The standard statute of limitations for personal injury claims is three years from the accident under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 260 § 2A. Massachusetts follows a modified comparative fault rule under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 231 § 85: if your negligence is greater than the combined negligence of the defendants, you recover nothing. At 50% fault you can still recover (reduced proportionally). At 51% you cannot. For claims against state or local government employers under the Massachusetts Tort Claims Act, a written presentment of claim must be made to the executive officer of the public employer within two years of the accident — separate from and shorter than the general SOL in some configurations. Suffolk County (Boston) and Middlesex County jury pools have historically produced higher verdicts than Worcester or Hampden.
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The legal information on this page is for general educational purposes only and is not legal advice. Laws change, and every case is different. Always consult with a licensed attorney in your state to verify the current law and how it applies to your specific situation.
Only if you meet the threshold under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 231 § 6D. The threshold has two paths: (1) reasonable and necessary medical expenses exceeding $2,000, or (2) the injury qualifies as one of the listed serious injuries — death, loss of a body member, permanent and serious disfigurement, loss of sight or hearing, or fracture. Below the threshold and outside the categories, no pain and suffering recovery is available against the at-fault driver. PIP benefits are still payable from your own carrier regardless of threshold status.
Three years from the date of the accident under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 260 § 2A. Wrongful death runs three years from the date of death, not the accident, under Mass. Gen. Laws c. 229 § 2. If a state or local government employee or vehicle was involved, the Massachusetts Tort Claims Act requires written presentment of the claim to the executive officer of the public employer within two years of the accident, in addition to the general filing deadline. Missing the presentment requirement bars the claim against the public employer.
Reasonable and necessary medical expenses incurred in treating the injury. The plaintiff has the burden of proving both elements at trial. Insurers routinely challenge whether chiropractic visits, extended physical therapy, diagnostic imaging without surgical follow-up, and mental health treatment count toward the threshold. Building the medical record correctly from the first visit — with the right providers and the right documentation — is critical. An attorney who practices Massachusetts no-fault cases knows which treatment patterns hold up under c. 231 § 6D challenge.
Suffolk County (Boston) and Middlesex County (Cambridge area) jury pools have historically produced higher plaintiff verdicts than Worcester County or Hampden County (Springfield). Insurance carriers track this and adjust settlement posture by venue. Cases where venue can be properly placed in a more plaintiff-favorable county under Massachusetts venue rules are often worth significantly more. An attorney who practices statewide will evaluate the available venues on the first call.
All legal information on this page is sourced from primary government statutes. Last verified 2026-04-07.
M.G.L. c. 231 § 6D
No-Fault Tort Threshold ($2,000 medical or listed serious injuries)
M.G.L. c. 260 § 2A
3-Year Statute of Limitations (Personal Injury)
M.G.L. c. 231 § 85
Modified Comparative Negligence (51% Bar)
M.G.L. c. 258 § 2
Massachusetts Tort Claims Act ($100,000 Government Liability Cap)
M.G.L. c. 258 § 4
Massachusetts Tort Claims Act (2-Year Presentment Requirement)
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Last reviewed: 2026-04-07
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“My PIP carrier paid the first $2,000 of my bills and the at-fault insurer told me I had no pain and suffering case because I hadn't cleared the threshold on my own dime. My attorney showed the medical expenses that did count and we crossed the threshold cleanly.”
— Sinead F., Boston, MA
“I had a non-displaced wrist fracture from a rear-end collision in Cambridge. My attorney filed under the fracture exception to § 6D — the threshold didn't even apply to me and I had no idea.”
— Anand R., Cambridge, MA
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